{"id":68718,"date":"2019-12-10T23:09:24","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T20:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/?p=68718"},"modified":"2019-12-10T23:09:24","modified_gmt":"2019-12-10T20:09:24","slug":"deepfake-videolari-demokrasileri-tehdit-ediyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/deepfake-videolari-demokrasileri-tehdit-ediyor\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8216;Deepfake&#8217; videolar\u0131 demokrasileri tehdit ediyor"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bir olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ispatlar\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, son d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan &#8220;deepfake&#8221; videolarla ile g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye duyulan g\u00fcven de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/h4>\n<p>Foto\u011fraf ve\u00a0<strong>video<\/strong>nun icad\u0131 ile birlikte metnin h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerini g\u00f6rselli\u011fin h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131. G\u00f6rselli\u011fin metne nazaran daha cazibeli olu\u015fu \u00f6nce televizyon ve sinema ile daha sonra da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn pop\u00fcler uygulamalar\u0131 olan Instagram, Tik Tok, Snapchat ve Youtube gibi s<strong>osyal medya\u00a0<\/strong>platformlar\u0131 ile hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n merkezine oturdu.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn yaz\u0131ya nispeten temsil etti\u011fi nesne ile ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda onun inand\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc metnin aksine daha art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DEEPFAKE NED\u0130R? (Mona Lisa&#8217;y\u0131 konu\u015fturan yapay zeka)<\/strong><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/S1TgIXJaVyQ\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>O kadar ki; foto\u011fraf ve videonun medya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne girmesiyle g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir zamanda bir olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011finde aranan en \u00f6nemli kan\u0131tlardan biri haline geldi. Ancak bilgisayar ve dijital alanlarda ya\u015fanan ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc geli\u015fmeler, foto\u011fraf ve videoda b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapma ve hatta g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc manip\u00fcle etme gibi pek \u00e7ok imkan sunmu\u015f ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye olan g\u00fcven de g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne zedelenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Son d\u00f6nemde Facebook \u00dcst Y\u00f6neticisi Mark Zuckerberg ve Mona Lisa tablolar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bir yapay zeka program\u0131 ile konu\u015fturulmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan videolar ile g\u00fcndeme gelen &#8220;deepfake&#8221; kavram\u0131, ABD&#8217;de yakla\u015fan 2020 se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde g\u00fcndemin ilk s\u0131ralar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer i\u015fgal etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Farkl\u0131 yapay zeka sistemleri kullan\u0131larak herhangi bir videodaki konu\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylediklerinin kolayl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine izin veren &#8220;deepfake&#8221; teknolojisi, pek \u00e7ok uzman taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok dikkatli olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kitlelerin manip\u00fclasyonunda \u00e7ok tehlikeli hale gelece\u011fi endi\u015felerine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n<h3>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7eklikle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi<\/h3>\n<p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrden g\u00f6rsel k\u00fclt\u00fcre ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ayn\u0131 zamanda insan alg\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ge\u00e7i\u015fin de habercisi oldu. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n aksine g\u00f6steren ile g\u00f6sterilen aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcde olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 onun yaz\u0131n\u0131n aksine ger\u00e7eklikle olan ili\u015fkisinin \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olmas\u0131na neden oldu.Walter J. Ong, &#8220;S\u00f6zl\u00fc ve Yaz\u0131l\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr&#8221; kitab\u0131nda yaz\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki farka de\u011finerek, &#8220;bir a\u011fa\u00e7 resmi ger\u00e7ek bir a\u011fac\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r, ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle g\u00f6steren ile g\u00f6sterilen aras\u0131ndaki mesafe resimlerde ortadan kaybolur.&#8221; diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131l\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrde ise g\u00f6sterenle g\u00f6sterilen aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 var. Ba\u015fka kelimeler ile ifade etmek gerekirse bir a\u011fa\u00e7 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e&#8217;de &#8220;a\u011fa\u00e7&#8221; kelimesi ile temsil edilirken ayn\u0131 a\u011fac\u0131n \u0130ngilizce&#8217;de &#8220;tree&#8221; kelimesi ile temsil edilmesi onun ne kadar keyfi bir yap\u0131da oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<h3>Sinemada trenden korkan izleyiciler<\/h3>\n<p>G\u00f6rsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ger\u00e7eklik ile olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi kavramak i\u00e7in sineman\u0131n do\u011fu\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 olan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na gitmek gerekiyor. G\u00f6rsel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ger\u00e7eklikle kurdu\u011fu ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n en somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00f6rneklerinden biri sineman\u0131n mucitlerinden Lumiere Karde\u015fler&#8217;in &#8220;Tren&#8217;in Gara Giri\u015fi&#8221;nin ilk g\u00f6steriminin Paris&#8217;te bir sinema salonunda ya\u015fatt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>1840&#8217;l\u0131 y\u0131llarda foto\u011fraf makinesinin icad\u0131, Antik Yunan&#8217;dan bu yana resim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hakimiyetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren mimesis (taklit etmek) gelene\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yaralad\u0131. Taklitten ziyade ger\u00e7e\u011fin bir makine arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ya filme aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan foto\u011fraf\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sineman\u0131n da icad\u0131 hem hareketi hem de zaman\u0131 kayda alarak, g\u00f6steren ve g\u00f6sterilen aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 iyice buharla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda filmin \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn onun d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya ile olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131ndan gelmesi ger\u00e7e\u011fi &#8220;Trenin Gara Giri\u015fi&#8221; filminin g\u00f6sterimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bir trenin gara giri\u015finin g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi filmi izleyen seyircilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini korumaya almas\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7maya kalk\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sineman\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 fig\u00fcratif yap\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi. Filmin g\u00f6steren ile g\u00f6sterilen aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 izafile\u015ftirici tavr\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zaman ve kendi bilin\u00e7 tarihiyle olan ili\u015fkisinde \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerle k\u0131yaslanmayacak d\u00fczeyde bi\u00e7imsel ve niteliksel de\u011fi\u015fikliklere yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3>Demokrasi i\u00e7in de tehdit<\/h3>\n<p>2016 Amerika se\u00e7imlerinin ard\u0131ndan ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump&#8217;\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131kla fake news (yalan haber) tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yalan haberle m\u00fccadele ba\u015fta sosyal medya platformlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere g\u00fcndemin ilk s\u0131ralar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Genel olarak bir ki\u015finin yapay zeka yard\u0131m\u0131yla konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka bir karakterin y\u00fcz\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirerek sahte videolar \u00fcretme imkan\u0131 veren &#8220;deepfake&#8221; videolar, Amerikal\u0131 akt\u00f6r Jordan Peele&#8217;nin ABD&#8217;nin eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Barack Obama&#8217;n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan &#8220;Ba\u015fkan Trump tam bir ahmak&#8221; c\u00fcmlesini s\u00f6yletmesi ve videonun neredeyse ger\u00e7ekten Obama&#8217;n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi nedeniyle b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>New York \u00dcniversitesi Stern \u0130\u015f ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan &#8220;Dezenformasyon ve 2020 Se\u00e7imleri: Sosyal medya sekt\u00f6r\u00fc nas\u0131l haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131&#8221; raporuna g\u00f6re, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek Amerikan se\u00e7imleri t\u0131pk\u0131 daha \u00f6nceki 2016 se\u00e7imleri gibi manip\u00fcle edilme riski ta\u015f\u0131yor. Rapor da deepfake teknolojisine ayr\u0131 bir yer a\u00e7arak, 2020 se\u00e7imlerinde deepfake teknolojisinin se\u00e7menleri yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 hale getirebilece\u011fi vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Pek \u00e7ok uzman da deepfake videolar\u0131n se\u00e7menleri manipule ederek oy tercihlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve alg\u0131lar \u00fczerinde etki b\u0131rakma gibi etkileri olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Deepfake videolar\u0131n \u015fok edici etkisi ile birlikte en yayg\u0131n s\u00f6ylemlerden biri olan &#8220;g\u00f6rmek inanmakt\u0131r&#8221; yada &#8220;sadece g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme inan\u0131r\u0131m&#8221; gibi c\u00fcmleler yerini &#8220;art\u0131k g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme de inanmam&#8221; gibi c\u00fcmlelere b\u0131rak\u0131rken, Cambridge Analytica skandal\u0131 ile uzun zamand\u0131r demokrasi \u00fczerinde dolanan kara bulutlar\u0131n \u00fczerine bir yenisi daha eklenmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Kaynak: AA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bir olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ispatlar\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, son d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan &#8220;deepfake&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[100,1,30,62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-video","hentry","category-gundem","category-manset","category-teknoloji","category-video-2","post_format-post-format-video"],"views":459,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68718"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68720,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68718\/revisions\/68720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}