Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong>\u00a0bu y\u0131l, “genom kurgulamas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayan y\u00f6ntemin geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc”,\u00a0Frans\u0131z mikrobiyolog Emmanuelle Charpentier\u00a0<\/strong>ile\u00a0ABD’li biyokimyac\u0131 Jennifer A. Doudna<\/strong>‘ya verildi.<\/p>\n \u0130sve\u00e7 Kraliyet Bilimler Akademisinden yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Charpentier ve Doudna’n\u0131n DNA zincirlerini kesmeye ve yeniden birle\u015ftirmeye olanak sa\u011flayan “CRISPR\/Cas9” siteminin geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtildi. A\u00e7\u0131klamada, “hayvanlar\u0131n, bitkilerin ve mikro-organizmalar\u0131n DNA’lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok hassas \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine imkan sa\u011flayan sistemin ya\u015fam bilimleri \u00fczerinde devrim niteli\u011finde bir etki yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, kanserin ve kal\u0131tsal hastal\u0131klar\u0131n tedavi etmeye y\u00f6nelik umutlara katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131” belirtildi.<\/p>\n Frans\u0131z mikrobiyolog Emmanuelle Charpentier, “Streptococcus pyogenes” ad\u0131 verilen bakteri \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, daha \u00f6nce bilinmeyen “tracrRNA” ad\u0131 verilen bir molek\u00fcl\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti. Charpentier, molek\u00fcl\u00fcn, vir\u00fcsleri DNA’lar\u0131 keserek etkisiz hale getiren, “CRISPR\/Cas” ad\u0131 verilen bakterinin kal\u0131tsal ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n Charpentier, ke\u015ffini 2011’de yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makaleyle bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla payla\u015f\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l RNA \u00fczerine geni\u015f bilgi sahibi ABD’li biyokimyager Jennifer Doudna ile laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Charpentier ve Doudna, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bakterinin “genetik makas\u0131” i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren molek\u00fcl\u00fc laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda yeniden yaratmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n Devrim niteli\u011findeki bu deneyi ard\u0131ndan bilim insanlar\u0131 bu genetik makas\u0131n yeniden programlamak \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Molek\u00fcl, vir\u00fcs DNA’lar\u0131n\u0131, h\u00fccre DNA’s\u0131ndan keserek ay\u0131rabiliyordu fakat Charpentier ve Doudna, molek\u00fcl\u00fcn DNA zincirini herhangi bir noktas\u0131na da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale edebilece\u011fini ispatlad\u0131.<\/p>\n Charpentier ve Doudna’n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ke\u015ffin ard\u0131ndan, CRISPR\/Cas9 sistemi d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda genetik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Emmanuelle Charpentier, 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa’da d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Sorbonne \u00dcniversitesinde biyokimya, mikro biyoloji ve genetik e\u011fitimi alan Charpentier, ABD’de New York \u00dcniversitesi ve Viyana \u00dcniversitesinde klinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Charpentier, halen Almanya’da Max Planck Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn enfeksiyon biyolojisi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Jennifer A. Doudna, 1964’te ABD’nin Washington kentinde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Ponoma \u00dcniversitesindeki e\u011fitiminin ard\u0131ndan Harvard T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesinde doktora yapt\u0131. RNA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fan Doudna, halen Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesinde \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeli\u011fi yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Charpentier ve Doudna, \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 10 milyon \u0130sve\u00e7 Kronu (1 milyon 122 bin 45 dolar) para arma\u011fan\u0131n\u0131 da payla\u015facak.<\/p>\n \u00d6d\u00fcl, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l, “lityum iyon bataryalar\u0131n icat edilmesine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc” ABD’li John B. Goodenough, \u0130ngiliz M. Stanley Whittingham ve Japon Akira Yo\u015fino’ya verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Bu y\u0131lki Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, kad\u0131n adaylar aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lan ilk \u00f6rnek oldu. \u00d6d\u00fcle Charpentier ve Doudna’dan \u00f6nce 5 kad\u0131n lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Marie Curie 1911’de, k\u0131z\u0131 Irene Joliot-Curie 1935’te, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 1964’te, Ada Yonath 2009’da ve Frances H. Arnold 2018’de \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn sahibi olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/p>\n Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, 1901’den bu yana her y\u0131l fizik alan\u0131nda insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sunan ki\u015filere veriliyor. \u00d6d\u00fcl, 1901 ile 2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 111 kez verildi. Toplam 184 ki\u015finin lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6d\u00fcllerden 63’\u00fc tek ki\u015fiye verilirken, 23’\u00fc 2 ki\u015fi, 26’s\u0131 ise 3 ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc 2015’te T\u00fcrk bilim insan\u0131 Aziz Sancar kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sancar, “Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanan ilk T\u00fcrk bilim insan\u0131” olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Kaynak: AA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc bu y\u0131l, “genom kurgulamas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayan y\u00f6ntemin geli\u015ftirilmesine katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc”, Frans\u0131z mikrobiyolog…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-manset","category-teknoloji"],"views":275,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69627"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69627\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69675,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69627\/revisions\/69675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.haberegider.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}“Genetik makas”<\/h3>\n
Charpentier ve Doudna, Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc payla\u015fan ilk kad\u0131nlar oldu<\/h3>\n